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  Winter 2001 — 2002
Volume 1 • Issue 2 
 
Write Between the Lines is an exploration and articulation of the obvious and the obscure. A cavalcade of creation and commentary designed to amuse and bemuse.
 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

The New Cool
     
 
 
The New Cool:
Challenging Narrative Rules in Go and Magnolia
 
 

by KE Monahan Huntley

 
 
 
     
 

The following article was originally written in response to the 1999 brave new film world of experimental narratives — bold storytelling that sent out a call answered by filmmakers such as great escapism artist Baz Lurhman (Moulin Rouge) and innovative newcomer Christopher Nolan (Memento).

"You know, you know, you know. Go, go, go."— Quiz Kid Donnie Smith — Magnolia


Created in the 1960's, Jay Ward's cartoon, Fractured Fairy Tales, part of "the radiant land of Bullwinkle"1 offered a satirical retelling of beloved fables. "Once upon a time and they lived happily ever after" was fractured with irreverent political and social commentary. Smart and absurdly funny, Fractured Fairy Tales assumed the kids were as well.

These children of television are now screenwriters on "the edge."2

Steeped in popular culture and interactive media —— armed with an all access techno pass —— they take story subversion further by writing scripts that make a break with classic Hollywood conventions. The familiar and formulaic take a back movie theater seat to the fractured narratives that are the current vogue.

"Well, there are never enough entertaining movies. . . . But there's entertainment, and then there's engagement. And ideally both can happen."—— Todd Solondz3

An entertaining movie assuredly holds a vital place for its viewers —— a movie that entertains and engages, however, is more apt to provide intellectual and emotional fulfillment for the audience.

A narrative that entertains without engagement is a divertissement. A narrative that engages is a specific type of work that is conceptually complete and emotionally and logically comprehensive. Qualities that substantiate an engaging narrative appear in the structure (the fundamental relationships between the parts of a story), dynamics (the moving, growing, or changing parts of a story), and the manner in which the narrative is relayed through character, plot, theme, and genre.4

Two critically acclaimed works representative of the new wave of filmmakers illustrate this distinction. Go is screenwriter John August's "Ginseng and Dexatrim"5 fueled skim of L.A.'s surface. Magnolia is screenwriter/director Paul Thomas Anderson's meditative take on "the very far edge of the bleed where Hollywood stops and the Valley begins."6

Go is a narrative that entertains — Magnolia is a narrative that entertains and engages its audience. Both can be categorized in the L.A. in a day multi-story genre, ala
Short Cuts. Both emphasize ensemble character development over plot. Go and Magnolia contrast in the area of theme. Go is a short-lived, albeit exhilarating, joyride. Characters literally go from one day to the next-events transpire without examination. Magnolia offers thematic exploration of characters and events —— because: "There's just too much in life to go straight to the point of okay . . . . It's not that simple."7


Go


Go is all about movement. Go on a road trip, go-go girls on the Vegas strip. Take X for a head-trip. Without exposition, it opens with Claire Montgomery chattering to an unseen guest —— her conversation indicates it is a later point in the story. At the same time, the dialogue works as an allusion to the story's unusual narrative style:

 
 
CLAIRE
You know what I like best about Christmas? The surprises. It's like, you get this box, and you're sure you know what's in it. You shake it, you weigh it, and you're totally convinced you have it pegged. No doubt in your mind. But then you open it up, and it's something completely different. Bing! Wow! Bang! Surprise! I mean, it's like you and me here. I'm not saying this is anything it's not. But c'mon. This time yesterday, who'dda thunk it?8
 
     
 
The screenplay is presented as three episodes. Part one, originally intended as a short,9 follows Ronna Martin-a teenaged grocery clerk facing eviction. Picking up coworker Simon's (protagonist in part two) shift to earn extra cash while he heads out for Las Vegas, Ronna also moves in on his drug dealing territory to accelerate the process. The LAPD is on to the X ring, and soap opera actors Zack and Adam (protagonists in common for part three) go undercover to bust Ronna in an effort to make their own drug violation go away:
 
     
 
ZACK
Say . . . (checks nametag) Ronna. You don't know where we could get something to go with this orange juice, do you? . . . something . . . euphoric.

RONNA
. . . Gimme a number. Let me see what I can do.10
 
 
With no regard for Simon, Ronna takes the bait:
 
     
 

CLAIRE
You know that Simon's in Vegas.


RONNA
I don't need Simon. I'm going to Todd.

MANNIE
Todd GAINES?

CLAIRE
Who's Todd Gaines?


MANNIE
Simon's dealer. . . . But it's like an evolutionary leap. You're moving up the drug food chain. Without permission.

CLAIRE
Ronna, you shouldn't do this.


RONNA
Both of you just chill the fuck out. It's just once. When Simon gets back, we can still pay for quarters . . . . But this is my deal, so just sit back and watch.11

 
 

The episode depicts the economics and ethics of illicit drug trade-the look is surreal, the soundtrack blares, and the audience experiences the joy and anxieties of Ecstasy induced hallucinations.

Part one ends with a jolt. In the Mary XMAS Superfest parking lot-setting for the latest rave —— a red Miata, driving in reverse, rams right into Ronna.
The action also does a reverse, rewinding back to Simon asking Ronna to take his shift.

Part two is a buddy story —— Simon and his boys' night out in Las Vegas, courtesy of Todd Gaines' credit card. Tantric sex, drugs, and rock n' roll. Blackjack, lap dances, and a car chase ensue. Lady Luck runs out once Simon misbehaves in the Crazy Horse. In the car, Simon's friends reiterate the chain of events:

 
     
 
SINGH
Just so we're clear. You stole a car, shot a bouncer, and had sex with two women?

TINY
You had sex with two women?12
 
     
 

Simon ignores them, still checking his rearview mirror.

The boys are bounced back to Los Angeles. In pursuit are Victor Sr. —— proprietor of the strip joint —— and his son, Victor Jr. Egos bruised, they now possess Todd Gaines' credit card and a bent for revenge.

Fade out. Fade in.

Once again the action rewinds back to the grocery store's employee lounge. Simon is asking Ronna to take his shift —— in the foreground Adam and Zack's television show is on. Ronna's aborted drug deal is revisited from Adam and Zack's point of view. The cuts are quick with the exception of Zack mouthing a silent "Go"13 to Ronna-in slow motion. Ronna exits the Venice house —— under police surveillance —— unscathed (for now) and attention is turned to Adam and Zack's relationship.

Assigned to Detective Burke, the two actors are wary of "The Man"14 —— particularly his intense and rather alarming admiration of their physiques. August plays with Adam and Zack's perceptions and the audience is complicit. Homophobics are taken to task —— but before the comedy can become a morality tale —— Amway and its acolytes are held up as the comic objects of bias and fear.

Adam and Zack arrive on the Mary Xmas Superfest scene to confront Jimmy —— the make-up artist with whom they each have had an affair. And that is when they run into Ronna:

"Ronna SLAMS against the soft top. Rolls across the windshield. Slides off the hood. Over the headlights. A smear of blood."15

The three episodes converge once Adam and Zack deliver Ronna to the ER and go. Claire winds up at the local coffee shop in search of Ronna and Mannie. Her who'dda thunk it? companion obscured at Go's starting point is revealed: Todd Gaines.

Claire and Todd go to the drug dealer's apartment. Victor Sr. and Victor Jr. are Gaines' surprise guests —— but no one is more taken aback than Simon, who charges in looking to hide out. Recriminations, gunshots, and apologies somewhat settle accounts and life goes on.

The last line of dialogue points up the characters' avoidance of finding meaning in the traumatic events that have just occurred:

 
     
 

MANNIE
So. What are we doing for New Year's?16

References particular to Los Angeles conveys much of the humor in Go. Gadabout characters with the same Zip Code tie the fast and loose plot together. Morality, intolerance, and disenfranchised youth are potential thematic issues to sift through, but without development, Go's narrative remains a divertissement
—— a stylistically hip slice of SoCal 90's life.

Magnolia


Magnolia is another screenplay written with heady narrative style that focuses on twenty-four hours of a diverse collection of Angelenos separated by fewer than the requisite six degrees. Unlike the characters in Go, however, Anderson's characters have a history that gives depth to the morality issues they are compelled to face.

A prologue explicates three unrelated occurrences that are not, the narrator declares adamantly: "Matters of Chance."17 Next, the principle characters are introduced. Damaged and displaced, these saints, sinners, and saviors are each at the center of a personal drama-unwittingly poised to pass through destiny's door. The characters' stories intersect throughout the sequence of events. A latticework so fine it allows for complete immersion in Magnolia's lush textures. The plot doesn't so much evolve as revolve around the past, present, and future:

NARRATOR
There are stories of coincidence and chance and intersections and strange things told and which is which and who only knows . . . and we generally say, "Well if that was in a movie I wouldn't believe it." Someone's so and so meets someone else's so and so and so on. And it is in the humble opinion of this narrator that these strange things happen all the time . . . and so it goes and so it goes and the book says, "We may be through with the past, but the past is not through with us."18

The past "sins of the father laid upon the children"19 thematically connects the characters. Anderson credits Aimee Mann for the inspiration to magically transform nine stories into a cohesive whole: "This 'original' screenplay could, for all intents and purposes, be called an adaptation of Aimee Mann songs."20 Themes introduced and delved into in Magnolia make a day in LA a universal, rather than local experience for the audience.

The following is a "speed round to determine who's who":21

Frank T.J. Mackey is the messiah of misogyny. A strutting infomercial on how to "Seduce and Destroy"22 women. Hatred for his cancer-ridden father, Earl Partridge, is corrosive. Earl betrayed wife Lily during their marriage. During her losing battle with cancer, he left young Frank to care for her —— an act Earl now regrets. Translucent and tight-wired, Linda is Earl's second wife. As Earl lies on his deathbed, she falls apart in the Partridge family attorney's office confessing her own infidelities:

LINDA
I don't want him to die, I didn't love him when we met, and I've done so many bad things to him that he doesn't know . . . now . . . I love him. I love him so much . . .23

Phil Parma, Earl's nurse, is the angel of mercy who effects the reconciliation between father and son. Attempting to locate a line to Frank in the back pages of a porno magazine, Phil telephones an operator standing by for Seduce and Destroy:

PHIL

. . . I know that maybe I sound ridiculous, like maybe this is the scene of the movie where the guy is trying to get ahold of the long-lost son, but this is that scene. Y'know? I think they have those scenes in movies because they're true, because they really happen.24

Earl owns Big Earl Partridge Productions —— producer of the "What Do Kids Know?" quiz show, hosted live from beautiful downtown Burbank by television icon Jimmy Gator. Jimmy is also dying of cancer. He attempts to reconcile with estranged daughter Claudia:

JIMMY
. . . I want so many things, Claudia. Maybe we can just talk to straighten our things out. .

CLAUDIA
. . . Get out of here, get the fuck out of my house.25

In a later scene, Jimmy confesses his extramarital affairs to wife Rose:

JIMMY

I've cheated on you . . .

ROSE
. . . I'm not mad. I am, but I'm not. Y'know?
JIMMY
I love you so much.
ROSE
. . . I'm not through asking my questions. Why doesn't Claudia talk to you, Jimmy?
JIMMY
Why. . . what do you mean?
ROSE
I think that you know. . . . Did you ever touch her?
JIMMY
I really don't know. . . . I don't know what I've done.
ROSE
You deserve to die alone for what you've done. . . . You should know better.26

The "What Do Kids Know?" latest show features child prodigy Stanley Spector. His dad, Rick Spector, is the epitome of a stage father —— pushing his ten-year old to succeed. If Stanley continues on this path, he will grow up to be 1968 Quiz Kid Donnie Smith. An adult in a state of arrested emotional development:

DONNIE

I really do have love to give, I just don't know where to put it.27

Ten-year old Dixon watches Stanley on "What Do Kids Know?" What Dixon knows is who killed Porter Parker, a dead man discovered in his grandmother Marcie's closet. Dixon's father is Worm, a young black man under suspicion. The Dixon/Worm/Marcie/Porter story is expanded upon in the screenplay —— but cut down for the screen. What is hinted at in the film is clarified in the shooting script:

MARCIE
I killed him [Porter]. I killed my husband. He hit my son and he hit my grandson and I hit him. . . . I strangled my husband to protect my boys.28

Although a life or death connection is made between Dixon and Linda Partridge, the Dixon/Worm/Marcie/Porter characters' primary function is the minor role they play in police Officer Jim Kurring's story.

Kurring lacks the canniness necessary for a cop —— but his sense of justice is pure. He responds to a disturbing the peace call after Jimmy Gator has left Claudia's apartment. Struck with her vulnerability, Jim overcomes his shyness and takes a chance:

JIM KURRING
. . . I'd be a fool if I didn't do something I really want to do which is to ask you on a date.
CLAUDIA
. . . I thought you were flirting with me a little.29

Throughout the narrative Anderson builds tension with intense visual images, culminating in the jubilant chaos of frogs raining from heaven. When asked about the frogs in an interview, Anderson replied: "You get to a point in your life, and shit is happening, and everything's out of your control, and suddenly, a rain of frogs just makes sense."
30

Resolution, for good or ill arrives at dawn. Unencumbered by the past, the children can now be saved: "From the ranks of the freaks who suspect they could never love anyone."31 Relief in redemption and divinity in forgiveness are encountered in Magnolia's "saddest happy ending."
32

Anderson concludes his thematic argument in the voice of Jim Kurring:

JIM KURRING
Sometimes people need a little help. Sometimes people need to be forgiven and sometimes they need to go to jail.33


"So Now Then"


Rules that are arbitrary to begin with are meant to be fractured.

Go and Magnolia exemplify a new generation of screenwriters who possess a keen ability to fearlessly rend traditional narrative and remain true to their original voice.
Experimentation with story expression, however, does not necessitate total abandonment of solid narrative foundation and the elements of storytelling. A story that resonates requires substance as well as high style. An underlying framework-spun with imaginative storytelling symbols and daring expository presentation-can make the difference between movies for audience observation and those for audience absorption "and all that that implies."34

 
 
1 David A. Kaplan, "A Moose for All Seasons," Newsweek, March 18, 1991, p. 50.
2 Jeff Gordinier, "1999 The Year That Changed Movies," Entertainment Weekly, November 26, 1999, p. 42.
3 Solondz, Todd. "That Lovin' Feeling." With Scott Macaulay. FILMMAKER 7 1998, pp. 37-39, 104-05.
4 Concept integral to the Dramatica narrative theory conceived by Chris Huntley and Melanie Anne Phillips.
5 John August, GO (screenplay dated May 29, 1997), p. 113.
6 Paul Thomas Anderson, interview with Chuck Stephens, October 6, 1999, transcribed in Magnolia: the shooting script (New York: Newmarket Press, 2000), p. 198.
7 Ibid., p. 208.
8 John August, Go (screenplay dated May 29, 1997), pp. 1-2.
9 John August, Craft Series Intensive-Writing, (lecture series), Los Angeles Independent Film Festival, April 17, 1999.
10 John August, GO (screenplay dated May 29, 1997), pp. 10-11.
11 Ibid., pp. 11-12.
12 Ibid., p. 79.
13 Ibid., p. 91.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid., p. 105.
16 John August, Go (Transcribed from film).
17 Paul Thomas Anderson, Magnolia (Shooting Script dated November 10, 1998), p. 12.
18 Ibid., pp. 189-191.
19 Ibid., p. 107.
20 Paul Thomas Anderson, Introduction to Magnolia: the shooting script, p. viii.
21 Paul Thomas Anderson, Magnolia (Shooting Script dated November 10, 1998), p. 129.
22 Ibid., p. 13.
23 Ibid., p. 114.
24 Ibid., p. 94.
25 Ibid., pp. 43-44.
26 Ibid., pp. 161, 168, 174-175.
27 Ibid., p. 192.
28 Ibid.
29 Ibid., p. 126.
30 Paul Thomas Anderson, interview with Chuck Stephens, October 6, 1999, transcribed in Magnolia: the shooting script. p. 206.
31 Aimee Mann, "Save Me." Music from the motion picture Magnolia. Reprise Records, 1999. New Line Productions, Inc., 1999.
32 Paul Thomas Anderson, interview with Chuck Stephens, October 6, 1999, transcribed in Magnolia: the shooting script. p. 206.
33 Paul Thomas Anderson, Magnolia (shooting script dated November 10, 1998), p. 194.
34 Paul Thomas Anderson, Introduction to Magnolia: the shooting script, p. ix.